The use of African shields was not only confied to being defensive
weapons, but also as decorative objects with great symbolic meaning. In
traditional Africa, shields were used not only as defensive weapons, but
also as decorative or ritual objects filled with symbolic meaning. Known for their craftsmanship, African shields serve as defensive weaponry in warfare, emblems of status and rank and accessories in dance performances. Shields were originally designed to offer protection during combat and their divergent forms developed in response to different military practicalities. The size, shape and material of the shield was often determined by its specific use in battle, with small, lightweight shields offering greater mobility for close combat and large, weighty shields providing more substantial protection during ground battles. They were regarded as highly visible emblems of power and identity.
They were carved from wood, woven or made from a variety of hides or metal. Hide shields were made from leather with the largest size, stiffness and thickness such as buffalo, rhinoceros and elephant. Wood shields were made from wood that was both light and strong. Wicker shields were generally made from Rattan or Raffia. African artists employ diverse media and techniques for practical purposes and visual effect. Animal hide, frequently chosen for its durability and strength, is shaped with burls and grooves into strongly sculptural patterns. Wicker, a lightweight material that is easily worked, allows an exploration of different weaving techniques whose intricacy may be further embellished with pigment. Wood, may be sculpted into a smooth, rounded surface or carved with low relief designs.
